Whitepaper : Cardinality Is Not for the Birds

You have to trust your SQL engine to make reasonable initial guesses for effectively running database queries. However, to optimize the query performance, it helps to understand data cardinality and indexes. In this paper you will learn:

  • How data cardinality can affect query plans and performance
  • How to minimize the effects of cardinality adjustments
  • How to create efficient SQL queries in low cardinality environments

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Joe Celko

Mr. Joe Celko is an independent consultant based in Austin, Texas. Mr. Celko joined the ANSI X3H2 Database Standards Committee in 1987 and helped write the ANSI/ISO SQL-89 and SQL-92 standards. He is one of the top SQL experts in the world, writing over 1500 articles primarily on SQL and database topics in the computer trade and academic press. The author of ten books on databases and SQL, Mr. Celko also contributes his time as a speaker and instructor at universities, trade conferences and local user groups.

SQL Query Tuner



  • Granular wait state monitoring
  • Continuous SQL sampling
  • Intuitive drill down to view top activity
  • Query plan tuning and recommendations
  • Lock and latch resolutions
  • Storage visibility and contention resolution

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